
Moses was 80 years old when he returned to Egypt, and Aaron was 83. God instructed them to go before the Egyptian king. God promised He would show His power and "lay [His] hand upon Egypt, and bring [His] armies, [His] people the sons of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments. " (Exodus 7:4)
Exodus 7:10-13 And Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh. And they did so, as Jehovah had commanded. And Aaron threw down his rod in front of Pharaoh and in front of his servants, and it became a snake. Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers. And they, the magicians of Egypt, did the same with their secret arts. For each man threw down his rod, and they became snakes. But Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods. And He hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he did not listen to them, as Jehovah had said.
Plague #1: Blood
In the morning, God sent Moses and Aaron back to confront the king at the edge of the Nile River. After the king again refused to let the Israelites go, Moses instructed Aaron to hit the water with his staff.
And Moses and Aaron did so, as Jehovah commanded. And he lifted up the rod and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh and in the sight of his servants. And all the waters in the river were turned to blood. And the fish in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river. And there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt. And the magicians of Egypt did so with their secret arts. And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as Jehovah had said. And Pharaoh turned and went into his house; And he did not set his heart to this also. Exodus 7:20-23
This plague is significant, as fresh water is necessary for survival and the Nile was the primary source of it. This was a strike against the Egyptian river god, Hapi. The Egyptians had to dig wells at the edge of the river in order to get usable water. A week passed before Moses returned to the king, and I don't see any specific reversal of the "bloody water" situation.
Plague #2: Frogs
Moses and Aaron repeated the demand for freedom. When the king refused, God caused the land to be overrun with frogs.
And Jehovah spoke to Moses, "Say to Aaron: Stretch out your hand with your rod over the streams, over the rivers, and over the ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt." And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. And the magicians did so with their secret arts, and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt. Exodus 8:5-7
The king told Moses and Aaron that if they would ask God to stop flooding the kingdom with frogs, he would let the people go. They agreed to pray the next day and, in response, God caused all the frogs to die. The people had to collect all the rotting carcasses and the stench was overwhelming.The king's heart was hardened against God's instruction. When the crisis was past, the king again refused to allow the Israelites to leave.
At first, I thought this particular scourge seemed to be a rather odd choice, but when I realized the truly invasive nature of this amphibious army, it kind of made my skin crawl. There was no escape from these dirty, slimy creatures as they swarmed into people's homes, beds, and food preparation areas. Also, this appears to be a direct assault by God upon the frog-headed Egyptian fertility goddess known as Heqet
Plague #3: Lice
And Jehovah said to Moses, "Say to Aaron: Stretch out your rod, and strike the dust of the land, so that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt." And they did so. For Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod and struck the dust of the earth. And it became lice in man and in beast. All the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt. Exodus 8:16-17
The ancient Egyptians were apparently a fastidious people who would have been just as disgusted by this plague as we modern people. Their priests especially were expected to maintain cleanliness. Imagine, the horror of the very dust becoming lice and infesting every living creature in a relatively large community! Even the thought makes me itch. This particular plague would have been against Seb, the earth god.
The sorcerers tried to imitate this sign but could not. " And the magicians said to Pharaoh, 'This is the finger of God.'" And Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as Jehovah had said. Exodus 8:19
Plague #4: Flies
Apparently, the king took a bath every morning because Moses again met him early at the water's edge and announced that a swarm of flies was next on the agenda. At this point, God also made it known that He would protect His people from the effects of the plague.
And Jehovah did so. And teeming swarms of flies came into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt. The land was destroyed because of the swarms. And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, Go sacrifice to your God in the land. Exodus 8:24-25
This also would have been a horrible situation to be in. I can hardly stand to be in a barn or pasture where clouds of flies hang about the manure. This attack was most likely directed at the god of the air, Shu .
The king attempted to compromise by allowing the Israelites to take some time off and worship the Lord within the bounds of Egypt. But Moses turned down this offer by insisting that they needed to go three day's journey into the wilderness because the sacrifices of the Israelites would be considered abominable by the Egyptians. The king appeared to agree by saying that it would be okay as long as the Hebrews didn't go too far into the wilderness. Moses agreed to pray that the flies be taken away and warned the king to keep his word.
After God removed every last one of the flies, the king again changed his mind and this time it appears he didn't need any intervention from God as the text reads:
And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go. (Exodus 8:32)
Plague #5 Dead Livestock
After yet another warning, Moses predicts that the Egyptian horses, donkeys, camels, oxen and sheep would die.
Another blow to the Egyptian religious system. The Egyptians had deified cattle, which also would explain why the Israelite sacrifices would be considered by them to be a horror.
The Israelite's livestock was spared and the king remained obstinate.
Plague #6: Boils
And Jehovah said to Moses and Aaron, "Take to yourselves handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh. And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with sores upon man and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt." And they took ashes of the furnace and stood before Pharaoh. And Moses sprinkled it up toward the sky, and it became a boil breaking forth with sores upon man and upon beast. Exodus 9:8-10
The targeted Egyptian deity here was apparently the goddess Neith, who supposedly had the ability to heal disease. And Moses' action also referenced the practice of sprinkling ashes into the wind as an offering to their evil god of wind and chaos, Sutech (Set).
The king's magicians were in so much misery, they couldn't stand to face off with Moses over this one.
Plague #7: Hail
And Jehovah said to Moses, "Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say to him, So says Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews, Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. For I am going to send at this time all My plagues upon your heart, and upon your servants, and upon your people, so that you may know that there is none like Me in all the earth. For now I will stretch out My hand, that I may strike you and your people with plagues, and you shall be cut off from the earth. And for this I have made you stand, to make you see My power, to declare My name in all the land. Do you still exalt yourself against My people, that you will not let them go? Behold! Tomorrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as has not been in Egypt since the foundation of it even until now! And now send out, gather your cattle, and all that you have in the field. Upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die."
He that feared the Word of Jehovah among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle to flee into the houses. And he that did not regard the Word of Jehovah left his servants and his cattle in the field. Exodus 9:13-21
Set and Baal were associated with storms.
And there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. And the hail struck throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast. And the hail struck every herb of the field, and broke every tree of the field. Exodus 9:24-25
The storm was devastating to the Egyptians who did not heed the warning. People and animals were killed and the flax and barley crops were destroyed. Yet God protected His people during this plague.
The king admitted to having sinned, asked Moses to pray that the storm would cease, and promised to let the Israelites go. Moses told the king he knew better, but prayed anyway. The hail stopped and the king again refused to cooperate.
Plague #8: Locusts
And Pharaoh's servants said to him, "How long shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go so that they may serve Jehovah their God. Do you not yet know that Egypt is destroyed? " And Moses and Aaron were brought again to Pharaoh, and he said to them, Go! Serve Jehovah your God. Who are the ones that shall go? Exodus 10:7-8
Pharaoh still hoped to keep hold of his nation of slaves so he wanted to allow only the Hebrew men to leave. Keeping the families hostage would ensure the return of the Israelite men who could hold the feast to honor God. Moses insisted that no one should be left behind and the king rejected the whole idea.
So, swarms of locusts ravaged fruit trees and devoured the wheat and rye crops which had escaped the devastation brought by the hail. No green thing was left in their wake.
The deity which was connected to agriculture was probably Osirus
The king asked for forgiveness but recanted after God blew the locusts into the Red Sea.
Plague #9: Darkness
As a result of the king's rebellion, God sent a darkness that was so "thick", it could literally be felt. The Egyptians were unable to see anything and were basically trapped in their homes for three days while God provided light to His people. The one true God proved His power is superior to that of even the Egyptian sun-god Re, who was also said to be the creator.
The king tried to bargain again by saying that the people could leave but their livestock needed to stay behind. Moses reminded him that they needed the animals in order to properly serve the Lord. They wouldn't have anything to sacrifice if the herds were left in Egypt!
But Jehovah hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go. And Pharaoh said to him," Go away from me! Take heed to yourself; see my face no more. For in the day you see my face you shall die. " And Moses said, "You have spoken well. I will never see your face again." Exodus 10:27-29


